The Mystery of Firm Tofu

Tofu originated in China, and one theory is that it was brought to Japan along with Buddhism during the Nara period (710–794). At first, it was enjoyed only by a limited number of people, such as aristocrats and Buddhist monks. By the Edo period (1603–1868), however, tofu had become popular among ordinary people, and tofu shops began to appear throughout Japan.

When we think of tofu, we usually imagine something soft and delicate. But tofu was originally much firmer.

Over time, tofu evolved in different parts of Japan, shaped by local climates, food cultures, and people’s tastes. In Kyoto, smooth and delicate Kyo-tofu became popular. In Okinawa, shima-tofu, a firmer tofu with less water, is a familiar part of local cuisine. In the mountains of Kochi, there are also traditional firm varieties of local tofu. In Gifu, you can find ishi-dofu, literally “stone tofu,” while in the Iya region of Tokushima, there is iwa-dofu, or “rock tofu.” These are almost the complete opposite of the soft tofu we usually picture today!

The differences between regional varieties of tofu are thought to have developed from a combination of factors—the natural environment, including water and climate, local cooking methods, and ways of preserving food. Here in Shiramine, Katadofu, or firm tofu, has been enjoyed for generations. Shiramine is a small mountain village with fewer than 600 residents, yet there are still three tofu shops. This alone tells us how important Katadofu is as a local food.

With its rich soybean flavor and firm texture, Katadofu is traditionally enjoyed sashimi-style, sliced and served with fresh wasabi and soy sauce. Another local favorite is Tofu Dengaku, in which Katadofu is simmered in a savory soy sauce-based seasoning. It is especially delicious with Sake, and was once one of the pleasures enjoyed by people after a day of working in the mountains.

Perhaps, then, every time we taste a local variety of tofu somewhere in Japan, we are also discovering a little of that place’s own story and history. There may be more stories hidden in a piece of tofu than we imagine.

Shiramine Firm Tofu story（YouTube）